Preface
1
Introduction
1.1
Protective Forests in the European Alpine Space Region
1.2
Protective forests in Austria
1.3
Challenges
2
Forest Runoff Control
2.1
Canopy storage
2.1.1
Mechanisms controlling canopy storage capacity
2.1.2
Horizontal Interception
2.2
Evapotranspiration
2.3
Forest soil storage
3
Forest Erosion Control
3.1
Root reinforcement
3.1.1
The Wu-Model
3.1.2
The Fiber-Bundle-Model
4
Forest Avalanche Control
4.1
Influence on climatic effects
4.1.1
Snow cover distribution and snow height in forest stands
4.1.2
Snow layering in forest stands
5
Forest Rockfall Control
5.1
Rockfall process
5.2
The role of forest on rockfall control
6
Watershed Management
6.1
Managing protective forests
6.2
High elevation afforestation
6.3
Woody debris
6.4
Mitigation concepts
7
Resilience of protective forests
7.1
Natural disturbances
7.2
Gaming
8
Appendix
8.1
Geomorphology
8.1.1
Torrential headwater catchment
8.1.2
Sediment disposability
8.1.3
Hillslope-channel processes
8.2
Hydrology
8.2.1
Rain and Snow
8.2.2
Runoff in torrents
8.2.3
Runoff transfer concepts
8.3
Avalanches
8.3.1
Classification according to starting area
8.3.2
Classification according to the way of motion
8.3.3
Classification according to the location of the sliding surface
8.4
Math
8.4.1
Probability
8.4.2
Return period
8.5
Forest parameters
8.5.1
Leaf Area Index (LAI)
References
The Role of Forest in Mountain Risk Engineering
5
Forest Rockfall Control
5.1
Rockfall process
5.2
The role of forest on rockfall control